The Devils Review: Another Grim and Hilarious Tale from Joe Abercrombie.

One of my favorite fantasy series is Joe Abercombie’s First Law.
Full of amazing characters, extremely dark humor, and compelling prose, the series is beloved among many a fantasy fan.
So, when Abercrombie released the first installment of a new trilogy, The Devils, I was sure to pick it up.
Having recently finished it, I can definitely say I am on board for this trilogy.

As always, Abercrombie does not disappoint.

Set in an alternate version of Europe, the ruling church has become divided.
To unify it against a coming horde of man-eating elves, a monk named Brother Diaz is entrusted with ensuring a thief named Alex inherits the throne of Troy.
However, with many after Alex’s head, Brother Diaz requires the aid of the Chapel of the Holy Expediency.
Essentially a medieval Suicide Squad, the Chapel is a group of expendable monsters the church sends to do its dirty work.
The titular Devils includes Jakob of Thorne, the knight who cannot die; Babtiste, the woman of many previous professions; Balthazar, the egotistical necromancer; Rikard, the dumpling loving vampire; Sunny, the invisible elf; and Vigga, the nordic, sex obsessed werewolf.
Naturally, this provides a wide range of characters for Abercrombie to explore across The Devils’ 500 plus pages.

Abercrombie goes in deep with these characters, especially Balthazar, whose story truly goes full circle by the end.

Unfortunately, I would say some of the characters, like Babtiste and Rikard, do get the short end of the stick in terms of page time and exploration.
However, Abercrombie excels with the other characters, making them relatable, terrifying and often hilarious.
Speaking of the latter, The Devils is the most comedy driven Abercrombie novel to date.
Some readers have criticized this, saying that there is way too much humor, but I personally found it to be a good blend with the serious stuff.
Other criticisms include the book being a bit repetitious at times and some of the ending twists being obvious.
While I will admit these things were noticeable, the good far outweighed the bad, especially with the character interactions.

I began reading *The Devils* expecting excellent characters and that is exactly what I got.

The growing bonds between Sunny and Alex, and Brother Diaz and Vigga were particular highlights for me.
Along with that, the commentary is also stellar, with Abercrombie once again showing the corruption of power, which works well with both the alternate Europe and his brand of dark humor.
Overall, The Devils is a lot of fun.
It is hilarious, gory, and has a lot of great characters who I would like to read about again in the future.
I look forward to reading the rest of Abercrombie’s new trilogy.

Sinners Review: The Vampire Hits Keep Coming.

There has been a vampire resurgence over the last few years, with various different films.
Last year’s Abigail was a fun movie with a lot of humor.
Nosferatu (which I unfortunately never got around to reviewing) was a masterful remake of one of the world’s first horror movie.
Which brings us to 2025’s Sinners.

*Sinners* is the next in a recent line of successful vampire films.

Directed by Ryan Coogler, the film juggles many genres from vampire flick, to gangster film, to a study of black culture in the 1930s, and, of all things, a borderline musical.
The story follows the Smokestack Twins, both played by Michael B. Jordan, former gangsters who return to their hometown to open a juke joint.
Recruiting their cousin Sammie to perform, all seems to be going well until a group of vampires show up to ruin the party.
The performances in Sinners are all fantastic.
Michael B. Jordan brings the Smokestack Twins to life with two very different performances.

Stack is sociable while Smoke is a lot colder, personality wise.

Hailee Steinfeld is also great as Mary, Stack’s former flame.
Then there is Jack O’Connell, who is delightfully charismatic as Remmick, the leader of the vampires.
The standout of the movie, however, is definitely Miles Caton as Sammie.
What makes his performance so amazing is that this is his first role in a movie.
I hope this leads to a strong career in film for him because he knocked it out of the park both with his acting and singing.

Like I many, I was shocked to hear this was Caton’s first movie role because of how good he is here.

Speaking of which, the music of Sinners is a character itself.
I called the film a borderline musical earlier, due to it having many musical performances, from old blues to Irish line dancing.
Every musical sequence is great and elevated by wonderful cinematography in what are undoubtedly some of the best movie scenes this year.
Sinners is full of great scenes, whether they be from the setup of the first half or the vampire carnage of the second.
The fact that I enjoyed both of these halves equally should show how great I consider the film to be.
If Sinners had just been about the Smokestack Twins establishing their juke joint, I am sure it would have been just as interesting as the version with the vampires.

But do I have any criticisms of the movie?
Well, a few, although they are very minor.
My first criticism is that there are a few points in the film where random red shirt characters, who I am certain were not there before, show up just to die and add to the body count.
It drew me out of the movie a couple of times, as I wondered where these characters had come from.
My second issue is that the trailer gave away some of the characters who get turned into vampires, but that is more an issue with the trailer than the movie itself.

There are two big transformations spoiled by the trailer, which is a shame.

Otherwise, Sinners is a brilliant vampire movie.
It has outstanding acting and singing, compelling commentary and cinematography, and a great mid-credits scene which ties the movie together (seriously, do not leave once the credits start rolling or you will miss something big).
Sinners is my favourite Ryan Coogler film and another great addition to the growing vampire flick resurgence.

Chainsaw Man Chapter 198, It’s Fami! Review: Fujimoto Fooled Us All.

In my experience, the best kind of twists are the ones you don’t see coming but once they happen the foreshadowing becomes clear.
Well, Tatsuki Fujimoto just delivered such a twist in Chainsaw Man Chapter 198, “It’s Fami!”
The chapter begins with the “Death Devil” pleading for her life after being defeated by the Imposter Chainsaw Man.
The Imposter goes on a rant about justice, showing that he buys into the Chainsaw Man Church’s propaganda.
This makes complete sense, given the subsequent reveal where the “Death Devil” reforms her body, before giving her own speech and then introducing herself.
“My name is Famine Devil! Please call me Fami!”
The resulting “WHAT!?” I shouted probably echoed throughout my house.
With this single line of dialogue, Fujimoto delivers the most shocking reveal of Part Two.
This entire time, the character we knew as “Fami” was the actual Death Devil impersonating her sister.
As I said earlier, the best twists are ones where the foreshadowing becomes clear in the aftermath.
The reveal of Fami as the Death Devil makes so much sense in retrospect.
Her head is always tilted because it looks like she is hanging, and her being the Death Devil is why the Guillotine and Falling Devils follow her.
Speaking of which, the latter immediately shows up following the reveal, overpowering the real Fami and the Imposter with ease.
With the two subdued, the Death Devil apologizes to Fami for stealing her name, to which Fami says she should kill herself if she feels anything for mankind.
In response, Fami lifts up her skirt, revealing her stomach.
The final panel of the chapter reveals that the Death Devil has cut open her own stomach and removed her organs but still could not die.
This creepy final image once again adds new context to the story.
In previous reviews I have commented on how funny I found it that “Fami” was such a glutton, considering she was supposed to be the Famine Devil.
Now we know she eats a lot not because she is the representation of famine but because she has no organs to digest food so is probably always hungry.
Fujimoto clearly had this twist planned long in advance and his efforts have more than paid off.
I would argue that this is the best twist not just in Part Two but in all of Chainsaw Man.
The question now is, what is the Death Devil’s true goal?
Before she died, Nayuta theorized “Fami” was powering up Denji and Asa to take down the Death Devil.
But the reveal that Fami is actually the Death Devil herself throws this into question.
Of course, there is the possibility that she wants Denji and Asa to kill her.
She admits to having removed her own organs at the end of the chapter, which suggests she did try to end her life.
We will just have to see what happens next.
As for “It’s Fami!” it is already one of my favorite chapters in all of Chainsaw Man.
It delivers the best twist of the series, and I cannot wait to see how this reveal is expanded upon in future chapters.

Mickey 17 Review: Robert Pattinson’s Rise Continues.

Six years after his Best Picture Winner, Parasite, Bong Joon Ho has returned with his latest film, Mickey 17.
Based on the book Mickey7 by Edward Ashton, the film stars Robert Pattinson as Mickey, a man living in the future who unintentionally volunteers for the worst job in existence, that of an Expendable.
Mickey must take on consistently fatal jobs and, every time he dies, he is cloned and has his memories replanted.

Given that Mickey is on a colonization mission lead by morally bankrupt politician Kenneth Marshall (Mark Ruffalo) and his wife Ylfa (Toni Collette), his deaths are often brutal.
Thankfully, Mickey has the support of his girlfriend Nasha (Naomi Ackie) to help him through the constantly traumatising process.
However, Mickey’s situation worsens when, on his seventeenth life, it is wrongly assumed that he died and an eighteenth clone is printed out.
Now, Mickey 17 must find a way to cohabitat with Mickey 18, or they will both be killed for being Multiples.

The mix-up kicks off the movie’s conflict.

Mickey 17 is not doing so well financially at the moment, which is a shame because it is quite a good time.
Certainly not Bong Joon Ho’s best work but is still worth the price of admission.
For starters, the performances are all really good, especially Robert Pattinson as Mickeys 17 and 18.
Despite being clones of the same person, they have two completely distinct personalities, and Pattinson is able to pull off both masterfully.
Due to his efforts, you really feel for Mickey, as you watch him constantly be exploited by those around him.

You can often tell the difference between the Mickeys, even when they look the same.

Along with the performances, the themes are also pulled off well, with Bong Joon Ho’s focus on the exploitation of the working class by the so-called elite.
He even brings in themes of animal and nature conservation, which has been present in many of his previous films, like Okja.
The special effects for the film are also top notch.
There was not a moment where I was drawn out of the film due to bad CGI, as everything looked great.
If I had to name any criticisms, it would be that I feel the film is a little overly long, and there is a subplot with Anamaria Vartolomei’s character which does not really go anywhere.

I feel like if this subplot had been removed it could have made the film more cohesive.

Other than these two issues, Mickey 17 is a solid film, improved further by a terrific performance from Robert Pattinson.
I would recommend seeing it, especially in light of its financial disappointment.

Chainsaw Man Chapter 196, Chainsaw Man to the Rescue! Review: Unnecessary Salvation.

Tatsuki Fujimoto concluded the previous chapter of Chainsaw Man by introducing the Death Devil, who said she was going to save everyone.
Based off this statement, and Yoru’s recent villainous turn, I theorized that Yoru would turn out to be the main villain of Part Two, while the Death Devil would serve a more heroic role.
Well, Chapter 196, “Chainsaw Man to the Rescue!” just proved me wrong.
The chapter begins with Fujimoto further exploring the personality of the Death Devil and, because this is Fujimoto, of course she is a complete loser.
She breaks down into a sobbing mess when no one pays attention to her.
Then, when someone tries to include her by asking her to take out the trash, The Death Devil says he should do it because he does not have special powers, unlike her.
The Death Devil being a nervous wreck, having a massive superiority complex and being completely socially unaware makes for a really funny character.
It does not, however, make her fun to be around, and she quickly earns the ire of her classmates, particularly the girl who bullied Asa way back at the beginning of Part Two.
The bully tells the Death Devil to go outside and kill ants, which she does.
The boy who tried to include her earlier attempts to do so again, only for the Death Devil to place a hand on his head.
“Through death I’ll release you from your earthly suffering,” she says, proving my theory about her being a good guy wrong.
The Death Devil certainly seems to view herself as a good guy, though, since she intends to “save” everyone, through death.
Before she can kill the boy, however, she is thankfully interrupted by Chainsaw Man, or rather, the fake Chainsaw Man.
The chapter ends with a full reveal of the fake Chainsaw Man’s form and, once again, Fujimoto has given us a sick design.
A gory mess of blood and bone, the imposter even has a cape made out of guts.
So, it looks like next chapter we are going to get a fight between the fake and the Death Devil.
This makes sense since the imposter is aligned with Fami, and she wants to stop Death.
It will be cool to get a look at Death’s abilities, and I wonder if the boy she tried to kill will survive.
Personally, I hope so because he seemed like a nice guy, trying to include the Death Devil even when she was rude to him.
Overall, “Chainsaw Man to the Rescue!” is yet another great chapter.
Fujimoto does a solid job developing the Death Devil and looks to be setting up a hype fight between her and the fake Chainsaw Man.

Chainsaw Man Chapter 195, Kill Me Tears Review: The Fourth Horseman.

After so many memes in the fandom about different characters being the Death Devil, it seems that Fujimoto has finally revealed her in Chapter 195, “Kill Me Tears.”
The chapter begins with Asa turning her finger gun on herself, but she is thankfully too scared of death to end it.
She then goes back to aiming at Denji and threatens to kill him if he does not kill her.
Asa’s reasoning for doing so is that Yoru is planning something much worse than the extinction of humanity, so she wants to stop Yoru before she can accomplish it.
Asa calls herself an idiot for thinking that she could be friends with a Devil, but Denji responds, “I think you could be friends.”
This is a great callback to Part One where Denji was confident in being friends with Devils, due to his bond with Pochita.
However, after much insistence from Asa, Denji relents and attempts to kill her with a chair, only for Asa to jump out of the way and humorously call him a murderer.
She states she was not mentally prepared to die, and Denji responds that nobody is, even him, and he can come back to life.
This paints a grim picture of Denji’s constant deaths throughout the series since, despite his immortality, they still impact him.
In the end, he is able to temporarily appease Asa by convincing her to have fun with him shooting buildings.
This was a great scene between the two.
It built upon Asa’s growing fear of Yoru and showed Denji’s opinion on his constant deaths.
Fear of death is a clear theme in this scene and the entire chapter, which makes it very fitting that Fujimoto ends it by supposedly introducing the Death Devil.
We see her arriving as a transfer student at the school, where the other students are preparing for the festival Fami talked about last chapter.
The supposed Death Devil nervously introduces herself, claiming she is here to save everyone, ending the chapter.
It is strange that the Death Devil turned out to be such a nervous wreck.
I mean, she should theoretically be the strongest Devil since every human fears death.
For her to end up with a personality similar to Kobeni is pretty funny.
That is, if she is the Death Devil because she could always be the reincarnation of the Control Devil.
This seems unlikely though because Nayuta was a kid when she reincarnated, and this new Devil looks like a teenager.
Assuming she is the Death Devil, her saying she is here to save everyone is especially interesting.
Combine that with Asa’s terror at Yoru’s plan, and it makes me think that Yoru may actually turn out to be Chainsaw Man Part Two’s big bad.
Perhaps she intends to kill the Death Devil so there can be constant war with no death, which will empower her?
Either way, I am looking forward to seeing how the Death Devil (if this is her) will interact with the other horsemen.
Her and Yoru will obviously be at odds but what about Fami?
Overall, “Kill Me Tears” is a great chapter.
Fujimoto used the theme of fearing death to supposedly introduce a Devil fans have been anticipating for a while.
The fallout of her arrival should be interesting.

Squid Game Season 2 Review: The Games Return.

Like most of the world, I was enthralled by the first season of Squid Game.
It was both an intense and emotional experience that had a lot to say about the way capitalism exploits people in South Korea.
And because the show became so popular, of course companies had to milk it, with ads and even some Squid Game inspired reality shows.
It is sadly ironic that the show criticizing exploiting people lead to the creation of more shows which exploit people.
As for the original Squid Game itself I, like many others, were curious how Season Two would turn out.
Would it be a worthy follow up, or would it pale in comparison?
Well, after finally sitting down to watch it, I can happily say that Season Two is a great continuation of that first season.
I do still prefer the original but Season Two carries the same energy.

*Squid Game stays strong with its second season.*

The season continues years after the first, with the previous game’s winner Gi-Hun (Lee Jung-jae) working to track down the Recruiter and Front Man (Lee Byung-hun) to try and put an end to the death games once and for all.
Eventually joined by police officer Jun-ho (Wi Ha-joon), Gi-hun eventually finds himself placed inside the games again and must desperately work to save as many people as he can.
Going into Season Two, I was worried it would just be a repeat of the first season, however, this is not the case.
The first few episodes follow Gi-hun’s attempts to track down the Front Man and this is just as enthralling as the games themselves.
This is in large part due to Gong Yoo’s performance as the Recruiter.
Given a small role in the first season, the Recruiter gets a big showcase here for the first episode and they did a fantastic job expanding on his character, creating a truly twisted individual who is both entertaining and terrifying to watch.

The Recruiter was the star of the first episode.

The season also expands on the Front Man, who takes a personal interest in Gi-hun, allowing for a much more complex look at his character.
As for Gi-hun, he is just as compelling as in the first season, and so are many of the new characters we meet in the games.
My favorites of the bunch are definitely Hyun-ji (Park Sung-hoon), a transgender woman and former soldier, Dae-ho (Kang Han-neul), another former soldier who enthusiastically joins Gi-hun, Jung-bae (Lee Seo-hwan), a friend of Gi-hun’s who finds himself in the games, and Thanos (T.O.P), a rapper with a drug addiction and a lot of funny moments.

Of all the new characters, Hyun-ji is probably my favorite because she has a lot of heroic moments.

Along with the new characters there is also a new twist to the games.
The players must now vote to stay or leave after every game but, if they choose to leave, they will only receive the accumulated prize based on how many players have died.
This creates a situation where a gambling mindset kicks in for many of the players and, through watching the season, it is easy to understand why.
I found myself cheering for characters when they succeeded in games like the six-legged pentathlon, resulting in me seeing just how simple it would be to become addicted to winning these games, despite their lethality.
This gives the season plenty of thematic weight to go alongside the intensity of the games.

You can clearly see how some of the games were set up to motivate the players to continue.

However, much like in the first few episodes, the season does not entirely focus on these games.
For starters, there is Jun-ho’s subplot, which sees him try to track down Gi-hun on a boat with a band of mercenaries.
This storyline is unfortunately the weak point of Season Two.
Pretty much every scene of it drags and the big twist surrounding it was obvious for the get-go.

I hope Jun-ho’s storyline is interesting in Season Three because it certainly was not here.

Another storyline focuses on one of the workers in the games and the confliction she feels when someone she knows joins.
This is interesting, but it does not really go anywhere this season.
I will not hold this against the season though because it feels like it’s something that is going to be followed up on in Season Three, which will air in a few months.
This makes me okay with the fact that Season Two ends abruptly on a massive cliffhanger.
If we had to wait years for it, it would have been less tolerable.
Overall, while I prefer Season One, Season Two is still a fantastic follow-up to the original Squid Game.
It delivers intense scenes, loveable characters who you want to survive, and perfectly illustrates a gambler’s mentality, even in lethal situations.
I hope Hwang Dong-hyuk can end his story well with Season Three.

Chainsaw Man Chapter 194, Fun School Festival Review: A Great Visual Gag.

Having missed a few of my usual Chainsaw Man reviews, I will begin by saying the last few chapters have been solid, with some great humor and development for Denji and Yoru.
The previous chapter brought the story full circle, with Denji once again being promised sex if he takes down a Devil.
Yoru really proved to be very similar to her sister Makima.
The only differences in her offer to Denji is that Yoru wants Denji to kill the Death Devil instead of the Gun Devil, and Yoru actually likes Denji because her feelings are influenced by Asa’s.
Sadly, Denji was just happy to have someone who genuinely likes him, so Chapter 194 “Fun School Festival” begins with him having stayed with Yoru.
The chapter starts with some regular Denji humor, as Denji states he could not sleep because he had “too many boners.”
But it is here where Fujimoto also shows how Denji has developed because, rather than touch Yoru while she’s sleeping, he instead covers her up with a blanket.
He’s not completely delusional about his situation though because he acknowledges to Pochita that staying with Yoru and Asa is likely to end with him getting screwed over, given his track record with women he likes wanting to kill him.
From here, the chapter cuts to Yoshida and Fumiko, who reveal Public Safety are so desperate they are willing to team up with Fami.
Unfortunately for them, the day the Death Devil is supposed to arrive is also the day of a festival at Fami’s school, which she has been chosen to help plan.
Much like Yoru proving to be like Makima, Fami proves herself to be like Nayuta, as both humorously refuse to save the world because of school.
The situation gets even funnier when Fami’s friends arrive and literally hoist her away in a fantastic visual gag which gave me the best laugh of the chapter.
The comedy continues when Yoshida is more disappointed in Fami claiming he is no fun, frustrating a somehow still alive Fumiko.
A few chapters ago, Fumiko seemingly gave her life to help Yoshida and the others escape the Aging Devil.
However, she has still stuck around.
Fumiko is one of the most confusing characters in the manga to me.
Her motives seem weird to me, and her still being alive is weird to me.
I honestly cannot tell if Fujimoto plans to reveal something about her or not.
The final scene of the chapter shows Denji and Yoru hanging out, with Yoru blasting buildings for Denji’s amusement.
The fun and destruction ends when Asa takes back control and holds Denji at finger gunpoint, proving him right and concluding the chapter.
We have not seen Asa’s perspective since she escaped the Aging Devil’s world so I’m curious to see what she thinks of Yoru’s actions, and why exactly she is now threatening Denji.
Overall, “Fun School Festival” is a fun chapter.
It has development for Denji and a hilarious scene with Fami, including one of the series’ best visual gags.

Chainsaw Man Chapters 188 and 189 Review: Typical Fujimoto Craziness.

Going into Chainsaw Man Chapter 188, “Octopus, War, Chainsaw,” I knew to expect more insanity from Tatsuki Fujimoto.
I had seen a preview of the first few panels so knew that Denji would throw up Yoshida but to see it actually happen sure was something.
Yoshida is quick to understand the situation and suggests working together to escape.
Asa refuses to accept Yoshida’s apology for cutting off her arm but he humorously twists this into a handshake.
Denji is also reluctant to work with Yoshida, but he uses a bear analogy, stating they should put aside their differences to return to the outside world.
Now working together, Yoshida quickly proves his worth.
Knowing that Denji’s stomach is connected to Chainsaw Man, he asks to put his hand down his throat, to which Denji smiles, ending the chapter.
From here, things only get weirder with Chapter 189, “Heart, Pass, Octopus,” as our heroes continuously shove themselves down Denji’s throat in their attempts to escape.
First, Yoshida shoves his hand in, using the Octopus Devil to attack.
Then, Yoru fires blindly before, in one of Chainsaw Man‘s most bizarre panels, she climbs through Denji’s mouth to get a clear shot at the Aging Devil.
All of these attempts fail, with Yoru’s attempt resulting in the Aging Devil warping her into an old woman.
Thankfully for her and Asa, the aging fades when she returns to the other dimension.
Following all of these failures, help arrives from an unexpected source: Fumiko.
As she lies bleeding on the ground, both she and the Aging Devil see what appears to be a hallucination of herself, which announces that she promised herself she would side with the winner in her final moments.
Fumiko then gives her heart to Yoshida, who feeds it to the Octopus Devil, powering it up.
The Octopus Devil then leaves through Denji’s mouth and crashes through the building in the chapter’s final panel.
This whole ending scene is weird, but I don’t mean that in a praiseworthy way.
I actually have no idea what is even going on with Fumiko.
If she was hallucinating herself, then why could the Aging Devil also see the hallucination?
Also, Fumiko’s motives just seem all over the place.
First, she’s a creep who touches Denji without his consent.
Then, she has an emotional backstory about why she wants to help Denji.
Next, she abandons him and Nayuta to save her own skin and is fine with Denji being ripped apart.
Then, she’s willing to sacrifice her own body to stop the Nostradamus Prophecy.
Finally, she switches sides and helps Yoshida because she thinks he’s going to win, even though they were losing up until that point.
Her whole character seems pretty inconsistent, unless we get some context, but that seems unlikely since she just literally gave up her heart in a contract.
Still, despite my issues with Fumiko’s character, these were some really good chapters.
Once again, Fujimoto proves himself to be creatively insane with the concepts he comes up with.
Interested to see if Yoshida’s alliance with Denji and Asa still holds after they escape.

Chainsaw Man Chapter 187, Barf! Review: Treesaw Man.

Going into Chapter 187 of Chainsaw Man, I was excited to see the fight between Pochita and the Aging Devil.
Sure enough, it did not disappoint, as “Barf!” begins with Pochita’s heart crashing through the building, his body forming before anyone can stop it.
Pochita immediately slices the Aging Devil apart but, being a Primal Fear, it takes more than that to kill the Aging Devil who turns Pochita into a tree.
These panels are excellent, once again showing off Tatsuki Fujimoto’s skill.
Back in the Aging Devil’s dimension, Denji continues to kill and eat the tree people to power Pochita up.
However, no matter how many times Pochita cuts through the Aging Devil, it always regenerates.
Left with no other option, Denji tells Pochita to vomit up a Devil that will help them.
The chapter then ends with Denji about to barf up this Devil.
There were theories going around after this chapter that Denji would either throw up the Nuclear Weapons Devil, or the Octopus Devil, but we know from some teaser panels released that Denji will throw up Yoshida himself.
Not only is this teased panel grossly hilarious, but it also adds more weight to the theory that Yoshida is the only person who once escaped the Aging Devil’s dimension.
He will probably help Denji and Asa escape next chapter so the fight with the Aging Devil can continue.
As for Chapter 187, it is a brief but exciting one, with a lot of great action panels.
I am interested to see how Yoshida will help next chapter.